Surface runoff (also known as overland flow) is the flow of water that occurs when excess stormwater, meltwater, or other sources flows over the earth's surface. The overland flow again builds a greater storage over the land surface and draining the same into channels/streams is termed as runoff. PDF UNIT 1 Hydrology and Fluvial Geomorphology Union 14; Kirkby (1988) J. Hydrol. Accomplished, traversing, or passing over the land instead of the ocean: an overland journey; an overland route. What is a river channel in geography? - Quora The following table of key concepts covers fluvial geomorphology. The peak discharge (the time when the river reaches its highest flow) is later because it takes time for the water to find its way to the river (lag time) . Learn more. Beneath the surface, water is transferred via throughflow , which is the movement of water through the lower soil towards rivers, and groundwater flow . Groundwater flow is typically very slow. Translations. Beneath the surface, water is transferred via throughflow, which is the movement of water through the lower soil towards rivers, and groundwater flow. If the amount of water falling on the ground is greater than the infiltration rate of the surface, runoff or overland flow will occur. Rivers. Sheet flow means runoff which flows over the ground surface as a thin, even layer, not concentrated in a channel. In summer, runoff levels can be low due to a reduction in . Sheet flow Definition | Law Insider AS Level Physical Geography - Hydrology and Fluvial Geomorphology. These are summarised below. Overland flow synonyms, Overland flow pronunciation, Overland flow translation, English dictionary definition of Overland flow. Lakes receive water from streams, overland flow, and ground water, and so they form part of drainage systems. Also known as a seepage line. Geography AS Level full revision notes. Overland flow transfers water through the basin either as sheetwash, across the surface, or in tiny channels called rills. Surface Run-off: see Overland Flow Throughflow: the movement of water with in the soil sideways, towards the river. Much of the terrestrial surface of our planet is sloping. The length of strip for overland flow usually does not exceed 200 feet under natural conditions. (Langbein and others, 1947, p. Infiltration Excess Overland Flow. Transpiration: The water loss from vegetation into the atmosphere. There is a definite amount of water in the system and this amount does not change. Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale Classification system of hurricane strength with category 1 the weakest and category 5 the strongest. It normally takes place when the soil is completely saturated with water. interception, less infiltration, more overland flow leading to more flooding, cycle speeds up Afforestation - More vegetation means interception, less overland flow, more evapotranspiration Dam construction - Dams reduce downstream river flow and discharge, increase surface stores so more evaporation The impacts of drought on ecosystem functioning (wetlands, forest stress) and the resilience of these ecosystems. Runoff specifically refers to the water leaving an area of drainage and flowing across the land surface to points of lower elevation. 2. The term overland flow is used for non-channelized flows of water, usually less than a few centimeters deep but very widespread. Slope processes are those that generate and transport soil or regolith. Runoff that occurs on surfaces before reaching a . 6.) If you know and understand these . A hollow at the base of a hillslope where water (soil moisture) seeps out onto the ground surface and becomes overland flow. Transpiration: The water loss from vegetation into the atmosphere. Overland flow is the movement of water over the land, downslope toward a surface water body. 4 A continuation of infiltration. Some may refer to full storage in groundwater and soil due to the antecedent rainfall. A lake is a body of standing water with an upper surface that is exposed to the atmosphere and does not have an appreciable gradient. [ shtfl] (hydrology) An overland flow or downslope movement of water taking the form of a thin, continuous film over relatively smooth soil or rock surfaces and not concentrated into channels larger than rills. If infiltration capacity is greater than rainfall intensity then the stores will fill before overland flow occurs. Sustained or fair weather runoff. There are two types of overland flow. Leads to saturated overland flow making a major contribution to channel flow. 2A - The Hydrological Cycle. AS Level Physical Geography - Hydrology and Fluvial Geomorphology. Water can flow cyclically on, over and beneath the earth's surface through the water cycle. adj. adv. It may all start as precipitation, but through infiltration and seepage, water soaks into the ground in vast amounts. However, the distinction is the same as that between streamflow and runoff. If the surface is covered with dense vegetation, much of the precipitation may be held on leaves and plant limbs and stems. The Tshuapa and Kasai Rivers are both left-bank tributaries of the Congo River, the deepest river in the world. If rainfall intensity exceeds infiltration capacity then Hortonian (or infiltration excess flow) flow occurs. 7 . To learn more about saturation excess overland flow, mechanisms for occurrence, and areas prone to saturation, read on. Overland flow listed as OF. water flux over the earth's surface ; mostly streamflow since overland flow is very restricted in time and space ; much less variable in time and space than precipitation, because of the large storage capacity of vegetation, soil, rock and lakes (top 30 cm of soil holds more water than the overlying atmosphere) . ADVERTISEMENTS: Thus, runoff may be defined as that portion of rainfall as well as any other flow, which makes its way towards the river, stream or oceans etc. Geomorphology is the study of the landforms found on the Earth's surface and the processes that create them. Sheet . What is through flow in rivers? Surface runoff (also known as overland flow) is the flow of water occurring on the ground surface when excess rainwater, stormwater, meltwater, or other sources, can no longer sufficiently rapidly infiltrate in the soil.This can occur when the soil is saturated by water to its full capacity, and that the rain arrives more quickly than the soil can absorb it. Infiltration and the Water Cycle. Overland flow transfers water through the basin either as sheetwash, across the surface, or in tiny channels called rills. Max. Know the formula for predicting the amount of overland flow. Runoff. This water then flows underground until it reaches a river, lake , or ocean . Geography 327 Hydrology. 2 marks for each definition. This situation is typical of humid climates, e.g. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Both chemical and physical weathering occurs on and within slopes, and mass transport . Water is an agent of change in the atmosphere, geosphere and biosphere. surface runoff. There is a pronounced dichotomy between non-channelized flow and channelized flow. overland: [adjective] going or accomplished over the land instead of by sea. After soaking through the soil, water moves deeper through permeable or jointed rocks. It may be evaporated during its fall or after it reaches the ground surface. (2006) Geomorph. overland flow. Sheet flow. definition. A variety of physical & human factors affect runoff (the flow of water over the Earth's surface). Groundwater flow (or base flow) A constant, very slow movement of water through deep rocks. You can't see it, but a large portion of the world's freshwater lies underground. Infiltration-excess overland flow occurs when the rain is falling more quickly than the infiltration rate. Subjects: Science and technology Environmental Science. Transfers or flows include percolation, overland flow, infiltration, stemflow, throughflow and overland flow. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit . They are useful in planning for flood situations and times of drought as they show the discharge (amount of water reaching channel via surface run-off, throughflow, and base flow) that originated as precipitation.Reading the hydrographA great deal of information can be gleaned from a hydrograph and . Surface runoff (also known as overland flow) is the flow of water that occurs when excess stormwater, meltwater, or other sources flow over the Earth's surface. It is a continuous pathway. Runoff Flow of water from land to oceans by overland flow, streamflow, and groundwater flow. Overland flow is a very important aspect of the water cycle and can be generated under two different physical mechanisms. If the amount of water falling on the ground is greater than the infiltration rate of the surface, runoff or overland flow will occur. Beneath the surface, water is transferred via throughflow, which is the movement of water through the lower soil towards rivers, and groundwater flow. In a more booki. 76, 1-2. What is overland flow in geography? Definition of Hydrological Cycle. Mathematical modeling of overland flow involves the solution of the governing equations for both the surface flow and the groundwater flow by the interior physical mechanism. Base flow. Water in the ground keeps all plant life alive and serves peoples' needs, too. Surface runoff - Water moves across the surface of the earth becoming a stream, tributary or river. (of travel) across the land in a vehicle, on foot, or on a horse; not by sea or air: 2. Percolation. It is a closed system, in continual circulation. If rainfall intensity exceeds infiltration capacity then Hortonian (or infiltration excess flow) flow We have overland flow, where water falls into rivers and streams. UK. In this chapter, fluvial geomorphology is covered. Overland flow is a very important aspect of the water cycle and can be generated under two different physical mechanisms. The term base flow is often used in the same sense as base runoff. Overland flow is the movement of water over the land, downslope toward a surface water body. Water is an agent of change in the atmosphere, geosphere and biosphere. The baseflow occurs above the groundwater table (GWT) and the groundwater flow occurs below the GWT. The second method lists a river's tributaries by their flow. Overland flow is fastest when the water is travelling down a steep sided hill and almost non-existent when the land is flat. Surface runoff (also known as overland flow) is the flow of water that occurs when excess stormwater, meltwater, or other sources flows over the earth's surface. Answer: Vivari Channel in Albania links Lake Butrint with the Straits of Corfu. . This occurs in arid and semi-arid environments where the rain is Fig 2 Flow diagram of the drainage basin system The drainage basin as an open system with inputs (precipitation of varying type and intensity), outputs (evaporation and transpiration), flows (infiltration, throughflow, overland flow and base flow) and stores (including vegetation, soil, aquifers and the cryosphere). Water moves underground downward and sideways, in great quantities, due to gravity and pressure. Run-off. The hydrological cycle refers to the cycle of water between . (k). Quick Reference. The global hydrological cycle is powered by solar energy. The overland flow/flood component evaluates Liklihood of Release (LR) by surface water overland flow or by flooding. Tributaries: rivers running into the main one, that form part of the same drainage basin system. The water cannot enter the ground so it runs straight off the surface. STUDY. Runoff is extremely important in that not only does it keep rivers and lakes full of water, but it also changes the landscape by the action of erosion. Velocity: The speed of the flow of the river. With respect to overland flow, know when overland flow is likely to take place and the factors that affect soil infiltration capacity. An overland flow of water occurring more or less simultaneously over a drainage basin when rainfall intensity exceeds the rate of water infiltration in the soil (Horton (1933) Trans. Inputs - water coming into the system < Back to Print Version Table of Contents <. It is Overland flow. soil water: any water held in the soil as a vapour, liquid or solid. H Y D R O L O G Y A N D F L U V I A L G E O M O R P H O L O G Y Geography AS Level. In this section we will describe the paths that water can take to the basin outlet. Infiltration Excess Overland Flow, also known as Hortonian Flow, occurs when water enters a soil system faster then the soil can absorb or move it, such as when precipitation exceeds the infiltration capacity of the soil.This process is very important in many areas of the country, including arid areas (where significant soil crusting and/or surface sealing . Union 14; Kirkby (1988) J. Hydrol. Am. 76, 1-2. Baseflow (also called drought flow, groundwater recession flow, low flow, low-water flow, low-water discharge and sustained or fair-weather runoff) is the portion of the streamflow that is sustained between precipitation events, fed to streams by delayed pathways. An overland flow of water occurring more or less simultaneously over a drainage basin when rainfall intensity exceeds the rate of water infiltration in the soil (Horton (1933) Trans. 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